ABSTRACT
Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Not only the complex molecular components but also the cellular heterogeneity in NSCLC tissues pose a great barrier for its clinical treatment. Recent years has witnessed the widespread application of single-cell sequencing in the studies regarding tumor heterogeneity. However, the disadvantages of single-cell sequencing technology itself could not be neglected. Spatial transcriptome(ST) technology allows in situ transcriptome sequencing of tissues to achieve high-throughput transcriptomic information of tissue cells with their spatial information available. In other words, ST makes it possible to acquire cellular composition and gene expression patterns without breaking intercellular communication network, which distinguishes itself from conventional single-cell sequencing, since mechanical separation and enzymatic digestion of tissue cells into single-cell suspension used to be inevitable during the performance of single-cell sequencing. To gain new insights into the spatial heterogeneity of NSCLC, we reviewed and summarized the latest progress in ST technology which has been applied to tumor sample analysis, especially to the field of NSCLC.
ABSTRACT
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer and one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths. In the past decade, with the widespread use of computed tomography (CT) in routine screening for lung cancer, the incidence of LUAD presenting as small pulmonary nodules radiologically, has increased remarkably. The mechanisms of the occurrence and progression of LUADs are complex, and the prognoses of patients with LUAD vary significantly. Although significant progress has been made in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for LUADs in recent years, the drug resistance of tumor cells has not been effectively overcome, which limits the benefits of patients. With the accomplishment of the Human Genome Project, sequencing-based genomic and transcriptomics have come into the field of clinical and scientific researches. Single-cell sequencing, as a new type of sequencing method that has captured increasing attention recently, can perform specific analysis of cell populations at single-cell level, which can reveal the unique changes of each cell type. Single-cell sequencing can also provide accurate assessment on heterogeneous stromal cells and cancer cells, which is helpful to reveal the complexity of molecular compositions and differences between non- and malignant tissues. To sum up, it is an urgent need for clinicians and basic scientists to deeply understand the pathogenesis and development of LUAD, the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the mechanism of drug resistance formation through single-cell sequencing, so as to discover new therapeutic targets. In this paper, we reviewed and summarized the application and progress in single-cell sequencing of LUADs. .
ABSTRACT
The morbidity of lung cancer ranks top in the world. At present, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histologic type of lung cancer. However, the prognoses of LUAD patients with the same subtype remain heterogeneous. Histological heterogeneity is one of the main causes of diverse prognoses of patients with LUAD. Studies have shown that there are other histologic patterns that affect the clinical outcomes of LUAD patients, in addition to the five growth patterns of invasive LUAD classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015. The cribriform component (CC) is one of the research hotspots among histopathology of LUAD. Previous studies have shown that the presence of CC can further stratify the prognoses of patients with LUAD. Along with the progressively deep insights into the aforementioned topic, researchers are dedicating to unveiling the relationships among CC and and other clinicopathological factors as well as their joint influence on the survival of LUAD patients. The review manages to generalize the latest research progress in the CC in LUAD patients.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, convolutional neural network(CNN) has exhibited its promising prospect and research value in assisting the analysis of lung cancer. The CNN can automatically learn from the images to extract specific clinically relevant features. This review summarized the construction of CNN by inputting CT images for end-to-end analysis to predict lung cancer risk and the efficacy of clinical treatment, as well as the application of CNN for analyzing pathological slides of resected pulmonary nodules via inputting histopathologic images.
ABSTRACT
The frozen section (FS) technology has been widely used in the process of surgical pathology since its time-saving nature exhibited superiority over traditional paraffin method. Therefore FS, of great value in providing preliminary pathological diagnosis, offers guidance in the extension of surgical resection. However, it remains controversial whether the early-stage lung adenocarcinoma could be accurately identified in FS. This review aims to generalize the studies concerning the accuracy of FS in identifying early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, analyzing the interference factors, comparing the similarities and differences between frozen sections and traditional paraffin sections. It also gives insight into whether FS can provide significant guidance for surgeons to perform resection on early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Lung cancer leads to the highest cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the development of multi-slice spiral computed tomography technology and the implement of lung cancer screening, more and more lung nodules have been discovered, many of which are multiple pulmonary nodules. These pulmonary nodules are usually diagnosed as multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas from a pathological perspective. For multiple nodules with different imaging features, the preferred treatment methods are different, and the treatment of each lung nodule is still controversial. In recent years, the interactions between multiple lesions and the evolution of the lesions as well as the inter-tumoral and intratumoral homogeneity and heterogeneity of the genomics also arouse attention. Our review gathered the research progress in multiple pulmonary nodules from the points of histopathology, genomics and surgical management. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnostic Imaging , Genotype , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules , Diagnostic Imaging , Genetics , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
As a pattern of lymph node metastasis , extracapsular lymph node involvement has occurred in many malignant tumors,including the esophageal carcinoma.This paper reviewed the research on extracapsular lymph node involvement in e-sophageal carcinoma worldwide including the development mechanism , clinical diagnosis, incidence and the prognosis signifi-cance, etc.The research progress and clinical significance of extracapsular lymph node involvement in esophageal carcinoma were fully explored and summarized.
ABSTRACT
The incidence and mortality of lung cancer rank top in China. One important factor is the occurrence of metastasis. With the development of science technology, the effect of surgical treatment on lung cancer is improved. Moreover, the use of targeted therapy has achieved a new height for the treatment of lung cancer. However, the recurrence rate remains high even the tumor was completely resected at early stage. The occurrence of lymph node micrometastasis is considered as one of the plausible explanations. The difficulty indetecting micrometastasis has been greatly reduced. Although studies dig deeper into the lymph node micrometastasis, there are still some controversies including the selection of surgical procedures, the pathological staging and prognosis about patients with lymph node micrometastasis. This review manages to generalize the latest research progress of lymph node micrometastasis. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor , Metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Metabolism , Pathology , Lung Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Neoplasm Micrometastasis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology is a diagnostic technique used to detect tumor cells and serve as a prognostic parameter for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In the past several decades, many scholars have been dedicated to clarifying the relationships between positive intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results and postoperative survival as well as tumor recurrence and metastasis. However, the findings remained various due to the inhomogeneity of different research. It has been confirmed that a positive intraoperative pleural lavage cytology result is one of the risk factors for the prognosis of postoperative patients. This study reviewed the advances in research of intraoperative pleural lavage cytology in recent years from several aspects, including clinical significance, influencing factors and possible mechanisms. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Cytological Techniques , Methods , Intraoperative Period , Lung Neoplasms , Pathology , General Surgery , Pleura , PathologyABSTRACT
Innate immune cells are highly represented in the tumor microenvironment,and among the most abundant of these are macrophages.However,macrophages are broadly categorized as"classically activated"pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and"alter-natively activated"anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages,which might be too simplified to describe the various phenotypes and func-tions of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs).Most TAMs are now reclassified into CD68+TAM,CD163+TAM,CD204+TAM,CD169+TAM,and CCL18+TAM,among others,according to the different expression of surface proteins.These surface proteins have different types of ligands and regulate different signaling pathways and cytokines.Therefore,even if these subtypes of TAMs have similar ef-fects of promoting or inhibiting tumors,the mechanisms involved and the induced clinical manifestations are different.In this paper, the effects of various phenotypes of TAMs on tumor growth,metastasis,prognosis,and clinical relevance are reviewed.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the application effect of pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 40 patients were admitted to our treatment group in Shanghai Pulmonary hospital in October who accepted pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery.All the clinic statistics of patients were collected including operative time,the volume of blood intra-operation,postoperative complications and hospitalization time.23 of 40 patients who accepted lobectomy/segmentectomy with pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery were assigned to the observation group,while another 30 concurrent patients who accepted lobectomy/segrnentectomy with conventional uniportal thoracoscopic surgery were assigned to the control group.Both groups were compared.Results The average postoperative hospitalization time of observation group was(4.6 ± 1.3) days.The average time for postoperative drainage tube retention was(46.7 ± 18.6) hours.The average operation time of patients in observation and control groups was(121.74 ± 25.16) min and (119.7 ± 14.26) min separately.The volume of blood intra-operation in observation group was(91.74 ± 32.88)ml and(89.00 ± 41.22) ml in control group.There is no significant difference between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The field of view and adjustment of camera in uniportal thoracoscopic surgery by single surgeon with pneumatic arm assistance are more accurate and steady,in which human resource can be saved.It is safe and reliable and does not prolong operative time or increase bleeding during operation,and can be applied to different kinds of diseases in thoracic surgery.It is worth promotion and application in eligible hospitals and medical institutions.
ABSTRACT
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common histology type of lung cancer clinically in many countries.A new international multidisciplinary classification was proposed by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society(ISALC/ATS/ERS) in 2011,renewing the classification of lung adenocarcinoma in detail,in which invasive adenocarcinoma were further classified as lepidic-predominant,acinar predominant,papillary predominant,micropapillary predominant and solid predominant according to growth patterns.In 2015,World Health Organization introduced the concept of "air space invasion".As an important constituent part of air space invasion,spreading through air spaces(STAS) often occurs in lung cancer,especially early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.STAS is defined as the "spread of lung cancer cells into air spaces in the lung parenchyma beyond the edge of the main tumor".STAS is not only an independent prognostic factor besides growth patterns,but also an independent risk factor of local and distant relapse after limited resection of stageⅠlung adenocarcinoma.Therefore,it is of great guiding significance to judge the existence of STAS either preoperatively or intraoperatively in order to choose a suitable operation method and postoperative treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.This review mainly focuses on the latest research progress on the pathological appearance,related factors,mechanisms and clinical significance of STAS.